Middle East
Political- Alexander the Great had conquered the Persian Empire between 333 B.C. and 323 B.C. Jesus the Christ was born in 5 B.C. and was claimed to have been the Messiah. He was later crucified by some of his own followers for blasphemy. In 499 B.C.E the Persian Greek wars had begun. In 490 B.C.E, Athenians defeated the Persian Army at the battle of Marathon. Later in 480 B.C.E the Spartan army, under control by King Leonidas defeated the Persians at the Battle of Thermopylae.
Economy- Luxurious silks, spices, and incense were the Islamic period's most desired goods. Some coins have survived since the time period and have remained intact, making the coin very valuable for it had heads of many rulers on its side. Mecca and Medina at the time of Muhammad were important cities at the intersection of trade networks, pilgrimage routes, and migrations of local tribes. Many people relied on these trade routes for survival. Without any trade routes, civilizations would stay isolated and would never advance in the world.
Religion- Zoroastrianism was created in the sixth and seventh century. The faith achieved widespread support from the Persians and spread to other parts of the empire, such as Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Anatolia. In Israel, Christianity came through Jesus, who had a supreme importance of love based on intimate relationship based with God. Also in Israel, Christianity became a religion for all and salvation came through faith in Jesus Christ. The bible was a very popular book developed about the various numbers of Gods miracles and prophets. Many were inspired by the book, which led to others taking part in Christianity.
Society- Before the Bedouins converted to Islam, men and women became less equal. Men were treated with much more respect than women. Not until the Bedouins practiced Islam, then women became much more important and equal to men. In Islam, men had more respect for women. Women's faces must be covered by men to prevent sin and corruption in the man. The poor were mistreated greatly and did not have as many privileges as the wealthy. Many of the wealthy were the rulers of empires, such as the Persian empire, who not only treated their enemies bad, but treated their own horribly as well.
Innovations- One of the most important pieces of literature from the Middle East was the Quran, a sacred text from Islam. The Quran has divine prayers and explications of the afterlife. Another piece of literature that was very important was the Thousand and One Nights, which explains in much detail, the traditional stories from the Middle East. The present decimal numbers are based on a Hindu-Arabic system that reached Europe about C.E 100 from Arab mathematicians of the Middle East such as Khwarizmi. The decimal numbers was a great advancement for all of mankind that was brought by some Arab mathematicians.
Art/architecture- In the Middle East, the art and architecture was truly incredible. Many of the materials, such as marble, had been bought and traded by different regions, with China being one of them. The patterns and designs of the buildings were spectacular. Much of the designs were influenced by empires deities and created for places of worship.
Economy- Luxurious silks, spices, and incense were the Islamic period's most desired goods. Some coins have survived since the time period and have remained intact, making the coin very valuable for it had heads of many rulers on its side. Mecca and Medina at the time of Muhammad were important cities at the intersection of trade networks, pilgrimage routes, and migrations of local tribes. Many people relied on these trade routes for survival. Without any trade routes, civilizations would stay isolated and would never advance in the world.
Religion- Zoroastrianism was created in the sixth and seventh century. The faith achieved widespread support from the Persians and spread to other parts of the empire, such as Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Anatolia. In Israel, Christianity came through Jesus, who had a supreme importance of love based on intimate relationship based with God. Also in Israel, Christianity became a religion for all and salvation came through faith in Jesus Christ. The bible was a very popular book developed about the various numbers of Gods miracles and prophets. Many were inspired by the book, which led to others taking part in Christianity.
Society- Before the Bedouins converted to Islam, men and women became less equal. Men were treated with much more respect than women. Not until the Bedouins practiced Islam, then women became much more important and equal to men. In Islam, men had more respect for women. Women's faces must be covered by men to prevent sin and corruption in the man. The poor were mistreated greatly and did not have as many privileges as the wealthy. Many of the wealthy were the rulers of empires, such as the Persian empire, who not only treated their enemies bad, but treated their own horribly as well.
Innovations- One of the most important pieces of literature from the Middle East was the Quran, a sacred text from Islam. The Quran has divine prayers and explications of the afterlife. Another piece of literature that was very important was the Thousand and One Nights, which explains in much detail, the traditional stories from the Middle East. The present decimal numbers are based on a Hindu-Arabic system that reached Europe about C.E 100 from Arab mathematicians of the Middle East such as Khwarizmi. The decimal numbers was a great advancement for all of mankind that was brought by some Arab mathematicians.
Art/architecture- In the Middle East, the art and architecture was truly incredible. Many of the materials, such as marble, had been bought and traded by different regions, with China being one of them. The patterns and designs of the buildings were spectacular. Much of the designs were influenced by empires deities and created for places of worship.
Near geographic- Cities were built by great lakes, seas, and oceans for trade. The large bodies of water helped transportation because it made traveling much easier than it would have been by foot. One decline in the Middle East that did not benefit the region at all, was the mountainous terrain and desert. This geographical factor decreased the time and rate of trade from the Middle East to different regions. Instead of traveling through a more wet and stable climate, like Greece, the heat prevented travel to increase by large amounts. Many of the animals domesticated, such as camels, could not carry as much cargo as if it were in another climate.